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Candi () is a Hindu or Buddhist temple and sanctuary in Indonesia, mostly built during the ''zaman Hindu-Buddha'' or "Indianized period", between the 7th to 15th centuries. Indonesian dictionary describes ''candi'' as the ancient buildings made of stone, as a place of worship, or storing the ashes of cremated Hindu-Buddhist kings or priests in ancient times.〔(【引用サイトリンク】work=KBBI )〕 While Indonesian archaeological experts describes ''candi'' as sacred structures of Hindu and Buddhist heritage, utilised for religious rituals and ceremonies in Indonesia. However, ancient non-religious structures such as gates, urban ruins, pools and bathing places are often also called "candi", while specific shrine that serves as a tomb is called "cungkup".〔 In Hindu Balinese architecture, the term ''candi'' refer to a stone or brick structure of single celled shrine with portico, entrance and stairs, topped with pyramidal roof. It is often modeled after East Javanese temple architecture, and functioned as a shrine dedicated to certain deity, located within ''pura'' compound. In Balinese perspective, a ''candi'' does not necessarily ancient, since newly constructed or reconstructed ''candi'' still contemporary built within Hindu temple compound. Such as the reconstructed temple built in Alas Purwo area, Banyuwangi. In contemporary Indonesian Buddhist perspective, ''candi'' also means as a shrine, either ancient or new. Several contemporary ''viharas'' in Indonesia for example, contains the actual-size replica or reconstruction of famous Buddhist temples, such as the replica of Pawon〔(【引用サイトリンク】work=Vihāra Jakarta Dhammacakka Jaya )〕 and Plaosan's ''perwara'' (small) temples. In Buddhism, the role of ''candi'' as a shrine is sometimes interchangeable with ''stupa'', which is a domed structure to store Buddhist relics, ashes or cremated remnant of Buddhist priest, patron or benefactor. Borobudur, Muara Takus and Batujaya for example are actually an elaborate ''stupa''. == Terminology == ''Candi'' refers to a structure based on the Indian type of single-celled shrine, with a pyramidal tower above it, and a portico.〔Philip Rawson: The Art of Southeast Asia〕 The term ''Candi'' is given as a prefix to the many temple-mountains in Indonesia, built as a representation of the Cosmic Mount Meru, an epitome of the universe. However, the term also applied to many non-religious structures dated from the same period, such as ''gopura'' (gates),'' petirtaan'' (pools) and some of habitation complexes. Examples of non-temple candis are the Bajang Ratu and Wringin Lawang gates of Majapahit. The Candi Tikus bathing pool in Trowulan and Jalatunda in Penanggungan slopes, as well as the remnants of non-religious habitation and urban structures such as Ratu Boko and some of Trowulan city ruins, are also considered ''candi''. The term "candi" itself derived from ''Candika'' one of the manifestations of the goddess Durga as the goddess of death. This suggests that in ancient Indonesia the "candi" had mortuary functions as well as connections with the afterlife. The association of the name "candi", candika or durga with Hindu-Buddhist temples is unknown in India and other parts of Southeast Asia outside of Indonesia, such as Cambodia, Thailand, or Burma. Historians suggest that the temples of ancient Java were also used to store the ashes of cremated deceased kings or royalty. This is in line with Buddhist concept of stupas as structures to store Buddhist relics, including the ashes and remains of holy Buddhist priests or the Buddhist king, patrons of Buddhism. The statue of god stored inside the garbhagriha (main chamber) of the temple is often modeled after the deceased king and considered to be the deified person of the king portrayed as Vishnu or Shiva according to the concept of devaraja. The example is the statue of king Airlangga from Belahan temple portrayed as Vishnu riding Garuda. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Candi of Indonesia」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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